History of aspirin :: essays research papers fc

History Of Aspirin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspirin is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world.. For centuries people throughout the world. Aspirin was discovered about 3500 years ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A collection of 877 medicinal recipes, The Ebers papyrus, before Christ, from the middle of the second millennium had been bought during the last century from an Egyptian street vendor by Georg Ebers, a German Egyptologist Georg. He recommended an infusion of dried myrtle leaves for rheumatic and back pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than a thousand years later the father of all doctors, Hippocrates of Kos, prescribed a juice extracted from the bark of the willow tree for labor pains and also for fever and pain. The active substance in this juice, which does in fact ease pain, is what we know today as salicylic acid. Being derived from the Latin word for willow, its name gives a clue as to its origin : Salix. It is now known that it is precisely salicylic acid that is contained in the myrtle leaves which the Egyptians used to treat and relieve pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advantages of Aspirin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspirin helps relieve pain from headaches and arthritis, and reduces fever from infections. It also reduces inflammation due to illness or injury. The drug interferes with blood clotting, and thus it is useful in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and other disorders that involve blood clots.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disadvantages/Hazards of Aspirin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspirin is a relatively safe drug when taken as recommended. But it can be irritating to the stomach lining and cause some stomach bleeding. A few people, are allergic to aspirin and can become very sick if they take it. Aspirin should not be given to children with chicken pox or influenza. Reyes Syndrome is a serious condition that can be caused if used during the conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Related Careers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Dispensing Facilities - Retail Outlets - Institutions - Manufacturing - Pharmacy Technicians Recruiting Firms - Research and Academia - Temporary Placement Firms - Wholesalers/Distributors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EPA findings concluded that groundwater and soil at the site are contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Also, the EPA concluded that people who drink or come in contact with the water from the wells tapping the aquifer may be at risk. The company is required to complete immediate cleanup which includes installation of replacement wells, 22 groundwater monitoring wells and a fiberglass reinforced concrete pad around the tank area to prevent rainwater from seeping into the ground. In addition, vacuum extraction wells will be employed to withdraw carbon tetrachloride from the soil.

Obama’s Election and First 100 Days

The American politics proved to be dynamic and changing over the years. The changes was seen huge in a sense that voters no longer consider race and color as a basis on selecting leaders in the country. Many people across the globe are even greatly involved of the latest presidential election since changes in public opinion are evident. In the context of Obama’s election and the first one hundred days of his service as President of the country, we may analyze the American politics in terms of voting behavior, public opinion, elections and political parties. Primarily, the election of Obama as the President can be attributed to his desire to serve the country. Being a community organizer and tough politician in Chicago, he was able to develop a political clout that brought him to where he is now. He is prepared to face the challenges before he ventured into the highest executive post in the country. It is difficult to analyze the development of American politics without understanding the behavior of candidates since it is a factor that affects winning the most coveted seat in American political leadership. In the case of Obama, he persuaded some influential politicians that could endorse him into the presidency. In other words, the determination of Barack Obama to defy all things that would prevent him to win in the presidential elections helped him legally seized power from the past President. Thus, within two years up to his candidacy, he made sure that he would not be involved on nasty and huge political issues to build a name for the voters to choose during the elections. In connection, there are additional factors that led to the victory of Barack Obama in the Presidential elections. These factors include voting behavior, public opinion, election machineries and political parties. In terms of voting behavior, it is apparent that voters are more aware of their rights as well as benefits compared to the past. When Barack Obama rendered his electrifying speech at the Democratic National Convention four years ago, voters and commentators stated that Barack Obama would become the first black President of America (Liberty Lounge 1). This comment catapulted voters to watch over their new leadership prospect and decide to take side on him. The behavior of the voting public is glued on the possibility of electing a black President since Barack Obama was able to shield himself from political detractors along the way. Even young children are aware of the popularity of Barack Obama which made their parents think of the possibility of making him the next President of the country. With that, young voters showed a huge difference in the presidential elections. In fact, young voters volunteered to organize campaign activities for Obama and aided in raising funds for his political machinery. The efforts of these young people contributed so much for the election of the first black President. Many voters also gave comments that the election of Obama is revolutionary, historic, and record breaking. Gone are the days when elections for President are for white Americans only. The American voters are now willing to entrust their future to a black leader in a country wherein race and color resulted to chaos and dilemmas so many years ago. This phenomenon is historic and revolutionary because its huge impact to the voters marked the start of gaining more cooperation, freedom and liberty. On the other hand, public opinion shaped and molded the way for Barack Obama to be elected as President. The role of the news media on his success is vital since the voters could not have considered voting him if not for the massive campaign through news media and other channels of public information. In fact, modern technology magnified the candidacy of Barack Obama. It is also undeniable that Obama expertly utilized interactive social technology. Other means of electoral campaign for Obama includes employing blogs, click-to-donate tools, phone brigade, text brigade, door-to-door campaigns, and even online updates on the election (Sarmiento 1). Besides, presidential and vice-presidential debates that are televised aided voters in choosing their candidates for the elections. Above all, the television media, radio, and print media has done their job well in keeping the electorate informed on the differences of the official candidates for President in America. Hence, public opinion easily shaped the choice of the people for their leader. With respect to political parties in relation to American politics, it is worth to mention that there is a shift from Republican to Democratic. It is clear that citizens and individuals in the United States nowadays were aligned to Democratic Party principles in terms of their political orientation. In the year 2008, majority of the voters leaned to the Democratic Party (Sarmiento 1). The fact is that there were 29 states and the District of Columbia which are involved with increased Democratic Party affiliation (Liberty Lounge 1). Barack Obama is identified with the Democrats and was chosen by the majority of the citizens in the country. In American politics, the aspect of public opinion, political parties, electoral campaigns, and electoral behavior. In these past few days within the first one hundred days period of the leadership of Obama, it is apparent that these aspects of American politics are identifiable. We take a closer look on the results of the electoral behavior and public opinion after the elections. Since Obama inherited economic problems from the past President, he faced tremendous scrutiny from the public on how he would carry on despite the problems. Many activists warned the new administration to refrain from overreaching to the people. It is evident that within the first one hundred days of Obama as President, he started implementing policies in order to save the economy which was questioned by some people. He also initiated the repair of the broken healthcare system, ending two wars, fixing poverty and inequality dilemmas, and wiping the stained US reputation in the world. Although the presence of both Democratic Party and Republican Party within the American political system stimulated the political processes, there is no way to prevent Obama in implementing his ways to improve the country. As conclusion, it is evident that Obama won the elections because of his charismatic aura and ability to render electrifying speeches. This also includes the apparent willingness to inherit economic problems from the past administration and to help the people cope up with the crises. The American political system has also changed from being conservative to a more revolutionary one. Race and color is no longer a barrier in attaining political power in the country. Hence, Obama’s election and first one hundred days may be tremendously scrutinized, yet it marked the start of more revolutionary governance in consonance to the will of solving economic problems as a primary goal. Works Cited â€Å"Analysis: Organization, strategy keys to Obama victory†. 5 November 2008. Liberty Lounge. 4 May 2009 < http://www.libertylounge.net/forums/36978-post-election-analysis-why-obama-won.html.>. Sarmiento, Rene. â€Å"10 Lessons Learned from the US Presidential Elections†. 19 January 2009. ABS-CBN News. 4 May 2009 < http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/features/01/19/09/10-lessons-learned-us-presidential-elections >.

Sophists Definition and Observations

Professional teachers of rhetoric (as well as other subjects) in  ancient Greece are known as Sophists. Major figures included Gorgias, Hippias, Protagoras, and Antiphon. This term comes from the Greek, to become wise. Examples Recent scholarship (for example, Edward Schiappas The Beginnings of Rhetorical Theory in Classical Greece, 1999) has challenged conventional views that rhetoric was born with the democratization of Syracuse, developed by the Sophists in a somewhat shallow way, criticized by Plato in a somewhat impractical way, and rescued by Aristotle, whose Rhetoric found the mean between Sophistic relativism and Platonic idealism. The Sophists were, in fact, a rather disparate group of teachers, some of whom may have been opportunistic hucksters while others (such as Isocrates) were closer in spirit and method to Aristotle and other philosophers.The development of rhetoric in 5th-century B.C. certainly corresponded to the rise of the new legal system that accompanied the democratic government (that is, the several hundred men who were defined as Athenian citizens) in parts of ancient Greece. (Keep in mind that before the invention of lawyers, citizens represented themselves in the Assembly--usually in front of sizable juries.) It is believed that the Sophists generally taught by example rather than precept; that is, they prepared and delivered specimen speeches for their students to imitate.In any case, as Thomas Cole has noted, its difficult to identify anything like a common set of Sophistic rhetorical principles (The Origins of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece, 1991). We do know a couple of things for certain: (1) that in the 4th century B.C. Aristotle assembled the rhetorical handbooks that were then available into a collection called the Synagoge Techne (now, unfortunately, lost); and (2) that his Rhetoric (which is actually a set of lecture notes) is the earliest extant example of a complete theory, or art, of rhetoric. Platos Criticism of the Sophists The Sophists formed part of the intellectual culture of classical Greece during the second half of the fifth century BCE. Best known as professional educators in the Hellenic world, they were regarded in their time as polymaths, men of varied and great learning. . . . Their doctrines and practices were instrumental in shifting attention from the cosmological speculations of the pre-Socratics to anthropological investigations with a decidedly practical nature. . . . [In the Gorgias and elsewhere] Plato critiques the Sophists for privileging appearances over reality, making the weaker argument appear the stronger, preferring the pleasant over the good, favoring opinions over the truth and probability over certainty, and choosing rhetoric over philosophy. In recent times, this unflattering portrayal has been countered with a more sympathetic appraisal of the Sophists status in antiquity as well as their ideas for modernity.(John Poulakos, Sophists. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) The Sophists as Educators [R]hetorical education offered its students mastery of the skills of language necessary to participating in political life and succeeding in financial ventures. The Sophists education in rhetoric, then, opened a new doorway to success for many Greek citizens.(James Herrick, History and Theory of Rhetoric. Allyn Bacon, 2001) [T]he sophists were most concerned with the civic world, most specifically the functioning of the democracy, for which the participants in sophistic education were preparing themselves.(Susan Jarratt, Rereading the Sophists. Southern Illinois University Press, 1991) Isocrates, Against the Sophists When the layman . . . observes that the teachers of wisdom and dispensers of happiness are themselves in great want but exact only a small fee from their students, that they are on the watch for contradictions in words but are blind to inconsistencies in deeds, and that, furthermore, they pretend to have knowledge of the future but are incapable either of saying anything pertinent or of giving any counsel regarding the present, . . . then he has, I think, good reason to condemn such studies and regard them as stuff and nonsense, and not as a true discipline of the soul. . . . [L]et no one suppose that I claim that just living can be taught; for, in a word, I hold that there does not exist an art of the kind which can implant sobriety and justice in depraved natures. Nevertheless, I do think that the study of political discourse can help more than any other thing to stimulate and form such qualities of character.(Isocrates, Against the Sophists, c. 382 BC. Translated by George Norlin)

Identifying Reading Skills Lesson Plan

Teaching reading can be an arduous task as it is often difficult to know how to improve student skills. One of the most obvious, but I have found often unnoticed, points about reading is that there are different types of reading skills. Skimming - reading rapidly for the main pointsScanning - reading rapidly to find a specific piece of informationExtensive - reading a longer text, often for pleasure with emphasis on overall meaningIntensive reading - reading a short text for detailed information These different types of skills are used quite naturally when reading in a mother tongue. Unfortunately, when learning a second or foreign language, people tend to employ only intensive style reading skills. I have often noticed that students insist on understanding every word and find it difficult to take my advice of reading for the general idea, or only looking for required information. Students studying a foreign language often feel that if they dont understand each and every word they are somehow not completing the exercise. In order to make students aware of these different types of reading styles, I find it useful to provide an awareness-raising lesson to help them identify reading skills they already apply when reading in their native tongues. Thus, when approaching an English text, students first identify what type of reading skill needs to be applied to the specific text at hand. In this way, valuable skills, which students already possess, are easily transferred to their English reading. Aim Awareness raising about different reading styles Activity Discussion and identification of reading styles with follow-up identification activity Level Intermediate - upper intermediate Outline Ask students about what types of reading they do in their own mother tongue(s).Write different categories of written material on board. i.e. magazines, novels, train schedules, newspapers, advertising, etc.Have students describe how they go about reading each kind of material. You may want to prompt them by asking the following questions:Do you read every word in the tv schedule?Do you understand every word you read when reading a novel?What kind of clues can the presentation of the material give?How much time do you spend reading the newspaper? Do you read every single word?What kind of assumptions do you make when you read the first few lines or a headline? (i.e. Once upon a time....)How much time do you spend reading the various types of materials?Based on students answers to such questions, ask them to identify the type of skills they are using in the various reading situations.Divide students into small groups and give them the skills summary and short worksheet.Have students di scuss their opinions about the various skills required for the listed materials.Present various real world materials (i.e. magazines, books, scientific materials, computer manuals etc.) and ask students to identify the necessary skills required. Reading Styles Skimming - Reading rapidly for the main points   Scanning - Reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required Extensive - Reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding Intensive - Reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding Identify the reading skills required in the following reading situations: Note: There is often not a single correct answer, several choices may be possible according to your reading purpose. If you find that there are different possibilities, state the situation in which you would use the various skills. The TV guide for Friday eveningAn English grammar bookAn article in National Geographic magazine about the Roman EmpireA good friends homepage on the InternetThe opinion page in your local newspaperThe weather report in your local newspaperA novelA poemA bus timetableA fax at the officeAn advertising email - so-called spamAn email or letter from your best friendA recipeA short story by your favourite author

Key Parts Of Organizational Communication - 1277 Words

Definitions of Key Parts Organizational Communication is best described by as an action that is continually evolving. In a given workplace there must be the sending and receiving of information. This concept is the central component to achieve both individual and common goals. Essentially, there would be no organization without communication. Knowledge Management is an organization’s methodology of making their intellectual assets as fully functional, or effective as possible. This is a systematic approach organized to enhance understanding. It’s the managing of information in a way that provides an organization with a competitive advantage. Information Systems can be summed in three words: technology, people, and process. Information†¦show more content†¦Putting all of the Parts Together How can organizational communication address the complex interaction of knowledge management, information systems, organizational learning, and high performance teams? These parts connect to maximize the value obtained from having Organizational Communication. First, these parts connect to one another in a knowing organization through effective and meaningful global communication. Organizations are complex and the relationships between the parts are interrelated. Best practices emerge from the interactions between the parts. This happens through a complex network of each of the parts are woven together. There is a strong need to combine these parts for an organization to have optimal success. Second is the emphasis on organizational communication as a process. This process yields heightening approaches to interaction in the sociotechnical knowing organization. Organizations that foster this process to take place can lead to better solutions that exceed behavioral expectations. This allows for existing market needs that could not have been foreseen before the process of organizational communication had access to it. Third, the property of holism suggests that a system is â€Å"more than the sum of its parts.† Systems have interdependent components from the information that goes through the parts. These parts

Organizational Behaviour Carlos Ghosn Leadership Style - Sample

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour for Leadership Style of Carlos Ghosn. Answer: Introduction The NissanMotors Corporations is a Japan based company that manufactures automobiles and has its headquarters at Yokohama. The company was established in the year 1933 with a view point of taking over the manufacturing of the Datsun Ltd. Company and also in the following year the Datsun Ltd. was renamed as Nissan (Gill 2012). Figure 1: Nissan headquarters at Yokohama (Source: Gill 2012) Carlos Ghosn at Nissan: Carlos Ghosn was appointed as the Chief operating Officer at Nissan Motors after the seven continuous years of losses. The main reason for which Carlos appointed in the company was with an intention that appointing him would turn around Nissan for two or three years or else the company would have to wrap up (Lane and Maznevski 2014). This implied that the Nissan Company required changes; therefore, Carlos applied many strategies and approaches to save Nissan from its worst of the times. The change that was required in the Nissan Company needed the implementation of a new system creation that demanded a proper and effective leadership within the company (Barmeyer and Mayrhofer 2016). Carlos Ghosns Role as a Leader: The changes that the Nissan Company had gone through and the effects of those changes that were sustained were possible only under the leadership of Carlos. The transitional that Carlos brought in the Nissan Company within such a short period made him recognised him as a transformational leader whose leadership knew no bounds (Barmeyer and Mayrhofer 2016). The company because of the changes introduced in the company by this leader was able to promote the personal and the organizational changes which resulted in the realignment of the employees values and ethics. This promotion also encouraged the employees abilities to accept the changes that were introduced (Bieck 2013). Leadership Styles of Carlos Ghosn: According to Bieck (2013), the most important fact of the leadership styles of Carlos was he a transformational leader who made changes in the company according to the requirement he felt and his leadership had no bounds. Even after knowing that the Nissan Motors was Japanese Company, his leadership was not based on the Japanese style rather it was a mixture, a multicultural style of his experiences (Mukerjee 2016). This mixed style of him gave him the opportunity to enable and embrace the cultural difference within the company. This approach of him is considered as one of the most effective ways to manage new changes. According to Lane and Maznevski (2014), a flexible and mouldable applied culture that is based on some kind of diversity is much effective than a strict fixed culture. Organizational Theory Applied by Carlos: As it has been earlier mentioned that Carlos was a transformation leader, therefore the organizational behaviour that would be fit on him would be the transformational leadership theory. The transformational leaders focus bigger changes and motivate its follower by the means of communication to execute their vision effectively and efficiently. The leaders following the transformational theory are usually visible and accessible in their activities and they are always in search of new ideas for the realization of their objectives (Mukerjee 2016). Changes Brought by Carlos Ghosn: There were different changes that were brought in the company by Carlos Ghosn. One of such was the implementation of the new management style in the company. This change of the management system was introduced by setting up of a nine cross functional team in the company so that the present business goal of the company of reviving the Nissan Companys plan and business commitments could be achieved (Bieck 2014). This new system works by giving the teams a time span of three months to cross check their business operations and then conclude the company with some recommendations regarding the profitability and the growth of the company (Brieck 2014). The different values of working with the team and others were incorporated in the Nissan Company by Carlos as a leader so that the employees of the company would be able to dedicate their personal and shared views with the company (Lane and Maznevski 2014). This would help for the build up of momentum and urgency during the need of changes in the company. The most important key factor therefore, indentified was the requirement of teamwork and coordination between the employees functions and the business units by Carlos before implementing the changes in the company (Mukerjee 2016). Ghosn executed his plans for the changes in the company on the basis of the priorities of the company and a clear focus was then given on that. A clear vision was provided by altering the core of the organizational process of the company with the nine teams. According to Bieck (2014), the Company Nissan was able to revive its performance because the company was ready to accept and sustain the changes that were made in the company for a better organizational behaviour of the company (Barmeyer and Mayrhofer 2016). Therefore, it can be concluded that before the implementation of any change in the company, Carlos firstly analyzed the implementation of the change required in the organization properly and then determined the extent of then change. The changes that he introduced were such that would benefit both the employees and the organizational performance of the Nissan Company. References: Barmeyer, C. and Mayrhofer, U., 2016. Strategic Alliances and Intercultural Organizational Change: The RenaultNissan Case.Intercultural Management. A Case-Based Approach to Achieving Complementarity and Synergy, (p. 317-332). Bieck, O., 2014.Back on track! Successful management techniques to get a company out of debt pile. Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). Bieck, V., 2013. Leadership through change, change through leadership. Gill, C., 2012. The role of leadership in successful international mergers and acquisitions: Why Renault?Nissan succeeded and DaimlerChrysler?Mitsubishi failed.Human Resource Management,51(3), pp.433-456. Lane, H.W. and Maznevski, M., 2014.International management behavior: Global and sustainable leadership. John Wiley Sons. Mukerjee, K., 2016. Factors That Contribute Towards Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Analysis.IUP Journal of Business Strategy,13(1), p.26.

My writing Style free essay sample

When approaching a writing assignment, my style varies from each piece of paper that I write, depending on the topic. I feel that I have to be in a mood to write, even if it is the first stages of writing. I normally do a lot of prewriting, and get my ideas down on a piece of paper. My paper usually ends up with ideas all over the place, but I feel that as long as I am getting these ideas down on paper, I will at least have a picture of what I am working with. The next step that I do that is part of the writing rocess is look over my thoughts and ideas on the paper and get them in order. Making sure that the sentences that I have wrote down make sense and have a good flow. I usually then reread what I have wrote down and add to my sentences, also, I add other thoughts that I think will help support my ideas. We will write a custom essay sample on My writing Style or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the most important part of the writing process that I do is revise and proofread my writing assignments, over and over again. I check to make sure that my grammar, spelling and use of unctuations are appropriate and make sense. I then reread my writing assignments or essays and continue to add sentences and correct the wording in my sentences. At times I feel that I can get confused with the last two steps, and sometimes have to take a break from feeling overwhelmed. I make sure that I am making my point and that everything is very clear for my reader. I hope that I have explained well enough what goes on in my mind when I am working on my writing assignments and how my thoughts and mind do the writing process.